- Xylem contains tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibre.
- Tracheids: They are elongated, tubular dead cells with tapering end walls.
- Vessels: These are also known as trachea. They are elongated, tubular dead cells. They are joined to each other by end to end forming a continuous pipe. The cells are thick and lignified.
- Xylem parenchyma: They are also called wood parenchyma. This is the only living tissue of xylem.
- Xylem fibre: They are dead cells with thick walled fibre.
- Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
- Sieve tubes: These are elongated, tubular living cells arranged in a row, with their perforated end walls forming a sieve. They are non-nucleated. Their protoplasm are inter-connected through sieve plates. They possess vacuoles.
- Companion cell: They are elongated, lens-shaped cells containing dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. These cells maintain connection with sieve cells through pits.
- Phloem parenchyma: They are living thin walled parenchyma cells.
- Phloem fibre: They are also known as bast fibre. They are elongated fibre like sclerenchymatous dead cells with thick walls containing pits and interlocked ends. Phloem fibre are the only dead cells in phloem.
Hope you could get an idea from here.
Doubt clarification - use comment section.
Not sure if this is the format you want it in but
F1:
Genotype: RWHh, RWHh, RWHh, RWHh
Phenotype: basically all of them would have the roan coat and they would be hornless
F2:
Genotype: WWHH, RWHh, RRHh, RWhh
Phenotype: one will have a white coat and hornless, roan coat and hornless, red coat and hornless, roan coat and horned
Hope this somewhat helped
Answer:
Mutualism
Explanation:
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species, in which both organisms benefit from the association.
The fungi are benefited by the algae as food.
The algae are benefited by the fungi as a habitat.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Option (1) and (3)
Explanation:
The ocean covers a large portion of earth and the temperature of the ocean rises due to the high absorption of heat. This is because of the higher amount of incoming solar radiation and the increasing green house gases in the atmosphere of the earth.
This increasing temperature of the ocean has certain negative effects.
Due to the increasing ocean temperature, the ocean water will become warm that will enhance the temperature of the polar water, as a result of which the glaciers and ice caps of the polar region will melt.
The increasing ocean water temperature will lead to the evaporation of water into the atmosphere, which will eventually cause rainfall. This will cause flooding in the low-elevated coastal areas. There occurs increasing frequency of major storms.
Thus, the correct answers are options (1) and (3).
