Answer:
Value Added = Value of Output - Intermediate Consumption = Final Goods . Value
Explanation:
This can be explained with an example:
A produces flour & sells it to Grocer for Rs 100. Grocer produces Wheat & sells it to Baker for Rs 150. Baker produces bread & sells it to Consumers for Rs 200.
Value of Final Product (Used by end consumers) i.e Bread = Rs 200.
However if considering total Value Of Output including all value added at each stage = 100 + 150 + 200 = 450. This is Overestimated value of Final product Bread, because of 'Double Counting' - Grocer's wheat includes the intermediate good (good purchased for further resale/reprocessing) value of flour and Baker's bread includes value of Wheat & flour intermediate products both.
This problem can be solved by: Calculating Value Added (by subtracting intermediate consumption) at each stage & then summing it to get the Final good value.
In this case: Farmer's Value Added = VO - IC = Flour Value - 0 = 100 .
Grocer's Value Added = VO - IC = Wheat - Flour Value = 150 - 100 = 50
Baker's Value Added = VO - IC = Bread - Wheat Value = 200 - 150 = 50
Adding value added by all these 3 we get , 150 + 50 + 50 = 200 i.e equal to final good bread value 200.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "A": not restricting trade.
Explanation:
Hypothetically speaking a country that is not involved in any trading activity will not have to deal with restrictions. Besides, that country could focus on the specialization of domestic production. However, it is more than likely such a country will need the help of others in the attempt to satisfying the diverse needs of its inhabitants. Countries that prohibit exports and imports nowadays are <em>Cuba, North Korea, Iran,</em> and <em>Syria </em>just to mention a few.
Answer:
They both set limits on imported goods
Explanation:
An embargo is an order placed by a government restricting or prohibiting trade with another country. An embargo may be issued on specific goods only or wholesome trade with the country or region.
A quota is also an order issued by a government that limits the volume of goods or services that can be imported. The quota may limit the volume in quantity or in monetary value. Importing beyond the limit becomes illegal.
Both embargo and quota place restrictions on imports to a country.
Answer: $21,080
Explanation:
First calculate the contribution margin per unit
= Sales - Variable costs
= Selling price - Raw materials - Direct labor cost - Manufacturing overhead - Variable selling and administrative expense
= 114 - (6 * 4) - (2.4 * 24) - (9 * 2.4) - 1.60
= $9.20
The Contribution margin is:
= 9.20 * 9,900 units
= $91,080
Net operating income = Contribution margin - fixed cost
= 91,080 - 70,000
= $21,080
