A "kowtow" is an act of deep respect in Chinese imperial culture. It consists of kneeling down so low that one's head actually touches the ground. The first accounts of this custom date back to the Qin Dynasty from 221 BC - to 206 BC.
It is recorded that Dutch Ambassador Isaac Titsingh "kowtowed" to the Qianlong Emperor during his mission in 1794. His diplomatic team made all of the efforts to conform with the complex Chinese etiquette.
Answer:
When the Tory government was ousted later in 1830, Earl Grey, a Whig, became Prime Minister and pledged to carry out parliamentary reform. The Whig Party was pro-reform and though two reform bills failed to be carried in Parliament, the third was successful and received Royal Assent in 1832.
Explanation:
The Representation of the People Act 1832, known as the first Reform Act or Great Reform Act: disenfranchised 56 boroughs in England and Wales and reduced another 31 to only one MP. ... created a uniform franchise in the boroughs, giving the vote to all householders who paid a yearly rental of £10 or more and some lodgers.
Answer: To draw profits from people of all incomes.
Explanation: Rich folk can buy the luxurious items, which tend to be more expensive, and others can buy everyday items.