Many on both sides of the Atlantic may have worried that order was breaking down by the 1650’s due to the burgeoning Atlantic Slave Trade. At its beginning in the 1500’s African imports were often merely indentured servants- this changed drastically by the mid-1600’s. By that time Africans (and their offspring) were seen as mere property to their owners and were often harshly worked in deadly climates with no regard for the slaves’ safety.
Also, significant political unrest in Europe (particularly England, Scotland, and Ireland) waged after the execution of Charles I. This had an effect on the American colonies as well as they were under British rule with an increasing number of African slaves being imported.
The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision on Sanford v. Dred Scott, a case that intensified national divisions over the issue of slavery.
In 1834, Dred Scott, a slave, had been taken to Illinois, a free state, and then Wisconsin territory, where the Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery. Scott lived in Wisconsin with his master, Dr. John Emerson, for several years before returning to Missouri, a slave state. In 1846, after Emerson died, Scott sued his master’s widow for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived as a resident of a free state and territory. He won his suit in a lower court, but the Missouri supreme court reversed the decision. Scott appealed the decision, and as his new master, J.F.A. Sanford, was a resident of New York, a federal court decided to hear the case on the basis of the diversity of state citizenship represented. After a federal district court decided against Scott, the case came on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, which was divided along slavery and antislavery lines; although the Southern justices had a majority.
During the trial, the antislavery justices used the case to defend the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, which had been repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The Southern majority responded by ruling on March 6, 1857, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Three of the Southern justices also held that African Americans who were slaves or whose ancestors were slaves were not entitled to the rights of a federal citizen and therefore had no standing in court. These rulings all confirmed that, in the view of the nation’s highest court, under no condition did Dred Scott have the legal right to request his freedom. The Supreme Court’s verdict further inflamed the irrepressible differences in America over the issue of slavery, which in 1861 erupted with the outbreak of the American Civil War.
Answer:
a. Social Movement
Explanation:
Social Movement -
It is a type of collective action , which could be large as well as small , formal as well as informal , amongst some group of individual or within an organisation , which collectively work for a common goal , is known as social movement.
Hence , from the given scenario of the question, the correct term from the given options is social movement.
Answer:
The results of the slave rebellion in the French colony of Saint-Domingue was the abolition of slavery and the establishment of the country Haiti.
