Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, secretes noradrenaline and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes glucocorticoids during stress.
SAM (Sympathetic-adreno-medullar) axis activation occurs in just a seconds as a result of a stressor and generate a adaptive respond towards stressor. The HPA axis is a slower response system involving release of corticosteroids .
Corticosteroids are corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, Which suppress the immune system . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
To learn more about Corticosteroids , here
brainly.com/question/28283964
#SPJ4
It is A.carpel because D. stamen is actually the male part and <span>Corolla makes up the second whorl of the flower and it is composed of petals.</span>
I think D would be your best answer
In these species, the populations fluctuate by having spikes due to the surface temperatures that increase as a consequence of global warming. It is a consequence of global warming in natural populations.
<h3>Global warming</h3>
Global warming refers to the constant increase in temperatures on Earth's surface due to human activities.
The human activities that lead to global warming include deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and farming livestock.
Global warming affects warm water species by the increase in water temperatures, thereby affecting also water quantity and water quality.
Learn more about global warming here:
brainly.com/question/3553382
