Answer: c. increased sensitivity to ADH
Explanation:
a. a decline in the number of functional nephrons: With aging the loss of nephron occurs that can be detected by the age related decrease in the glomerular filteration rate.
b. a reduction in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate): The GFR tend to decline in older age even though there is no disease. These people are required to check with the GFR in future.
d. problems with the micturition reflex: With aging people experience problem of bladder control. This leads to leakage or incontinence of urine or urinary retention that is inability to empty the bladder.
e. loss of sphincter muscle tone: With age the sphincter tone may diminish. This results in loss of control and storage capacity. The rectal muscles or sphincter muscles get loose which lead to passage of stool before reaching the washroom.
Average speed = Distance traveled / time
= 255 miles / 4.75 hours
= 53.68 miles/hour
If we were solving for velocity the displacement of 121 miles would have been used.
Explanation:
(a) First, we will calculate the number of moles as follows.
No. of moles = 
Molar mass of helium is 4 g/mol and mass is given as 0.1 kg or 100 g (as 1 kg = 1000 g).
Putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
No. of moles = 
=
= 25 mol
According to the ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
or, 

= 336.17 K
Hence, temperature change will be 336.17 K.
(b) The total amount of heat required for this process will be calculated as follows.
q = 
= 
= 174573.081 J/K
or, = 174.57 kJ/K (as 1 kJ = 1000 J)
Therefore, the amount of total heat required is 174.57 kJ/K.