The debate was about a strong national government versus basic civil liberties. If it hadn't been for the debates on the amendments, who knows what would've been added and what not. Thanks to the debates, things like the right to bear arms and the right to refuse to give your home to the army were added, as well as things like the states having the right to decide things that are not decided by the congress.
I’m pretty sure the answer is D
We (as in 2016) cannot use the land bridge because of the melting of the glaciers. Back then the glaciers were still in one piece and the sea levels were much lower than now. This allowed the early people to cross the bearing straight.
Frederick Douglass is the U.S. Abolitionist who founded the "North Star".