The gastrointestinal wall is composed of four layers or tunics:
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis mucosa
- Serosa
The innermost tunic of the wall is known as the mucosa or mucous membrane layer. The digestive tract's lumen is lined with it. The mucosa comprises epithelium, a layer of lamina propria, a loose layer of connective tissue, and the muscularis mucosa, a thin layer of smooth muscle.
The mucosa is surrounded by a substantial layer of loose connective tissue known as the submucosa. Blood arteries, lymphatic vessels, and neurons are also present in this stratum. The adventitia is a connective tissue that makes up the digestive tract's outermost layer above the diaphragm. It is referred to as serosa below the diaphragm.
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Studying animals in the wild is considered somewhat experimentally out of control because of several reasons.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Study of wild animals can be done using several methods but none will be as effective as studying captivated animals. Using stationary cameras is a method to observe animals in the wild. The stationary nature of the camera makes it necessary for the animals to appear within the field of the camera.
This is difficult in places of low animal density. In addition to that placing camera at a longer distance to watch a larger area decreases the resolution of the images. When it comes to shallow water systems, the field imagery used to track the aquatic species frequently gets affected by issues like sun flicker.
Unmanned aerial vehicles can also be used to track and study animals in the wild. This is good alternative but filming through dense canopies or turbid water is a limitation. Bio loggers can also be used for animal tracking but it is limited by weight since it has to be carried by animals.
The nuclide represented as X is thorium and this is an alpha decay where an alpha particle is removed off.
<h3>What is nuclide?</h3>
A kind of atom or nucleus which is represented by a specific number of protons and neutrons.
The equation given represents an alpha decay. In an alpha decay, an alpha particle is removed off.
The atomic number of the parent nuclide is more than the daughter nuclide by two units and the mass number of the parent is more than that of the daughter nuclide by four units.
Thus, the x is thorium.
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According to the research, the correct option is A, population genetics is the study of how allele frequencies in a population change over time.
<h3>What is population genetics?</h3>
It studies the origin, amount and distribution of genetic variability present in populations.
It explains the variation between individuals, as well as the dynamics of alleles and genotypes within and between populations.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is A, population genetics is the study of how allele frequencies in a population change over time.
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Answer:
At 100°C, the water is present in two states: Liquid and gases.
At this temperature, the water molecules get converted into vapor state. The energy of the vapor or steam particles is more than the water molecules although they are present at the same temperature because of the presence of Latent heat of vaporization.
Latent heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of energy required to convert a liquid into gas at constant temperature and pressure. This energy is hidden in the physical process.
Because of this heat, the particles of steam have more energy than water at same temperature.
particles in steam at hundred degree Celsius and 373 degree Kelvin will have more energy than the water at same temperature because the steam would have observed the latent heat of vaporization which is equal to 540 calories
