1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
ikadub [295]
3 years ago
15

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are available to bond with the electrons of other atoms are

Chemistry
1 answer:
Alex73 [517]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

(C) Valence electrons

Explanation:

You might be interested in
How does solar radiation affect the atmosphere?<br><br><br> PLEASE ANSWERRRRRRRR
tankabanditka [31]

Answer:

The sun provides energy for almost everything that happens on Earth. Scientists at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics put it clearly: "Solar radiation powers the complex and tightly coupled circulation dynamics, chemistry, and interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land that maintain the terrestrial environment as humanity’s habitat." Put another way, just about everything that happens in the atmosphere happens because of solar energy. This can be demonstrated with some specific examples.

Winds

Sunlight hits the Earth most directly at and near the equator. The extra solar energy absorbed there heats up the air, land and water. Heat from the land and water gets sent back up into the air, heating it even more. The hot air rises. Something has to take its place, so cooler air from the north and south rushes in. That creates airflow -- a circuit from the equator up and splitting to the north and south, then cooling and falling back down to the surface and reversing direction to head toward the equator again. Add in effects of the Earth's rotation and you get trade winds -- the constant flow of air across the Earth's surface. Even though the winds are modified by the Earth's rotation, it's important to realize they aren't created by the Earth's rotation. Without solar energy there would be no trade winds or jet streams.

The Ionosphere

Some wavelengths of solar energy are powerful enough to split molecules apart. They do this by giving so much energy to an electron that it shoots right out of the molecule. That's a process called ionization, and the positively charged atoms that are left behind are called ions. In the upper atmosphere, 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the surface, oxygen molecules absorb ultraviolet wavelengths -- solar radiation wavelengths between 120 and 180 nanometers (billionths of a meter). Because sunlight creates ions at that altitude, that layer of the atmosphere is called the ionosphere. Sunlight affects the Earth's atmosphere, but a side-effect is that the atmosphere absorbs this dangerous ultraviolet radiation.

The Ozone Layer

About 25 kilometers (15 miles) above the surface the atmosphere is far denser than in the ionosphere. Here is the highest density of ozone molecules. Regular oxygen molecules are made from two oxygen atoms; ozone is made from three oxygen atoms. The ionosphere absorbs the 120- to 180-nanometer ultraviolet, the ozone beneath absorbs ultraviolet radiation from 180 to 340 nanometers. There's a natural balance because ultraviolet light splits an ozone molecule into a two-atom oxygen molecule and a single oxygen atom; but when a single atom crashes into another oxygen molecule, ultraviolet light helps them join together to make a new oxygen molecule. Again, a happy coincidence is that the photochemistry taking place at the ozone layer absorbs much ultraviolet radiation that would otherwise make it to Earth and create a hazard for living organisms.

Water and Weather

Another critical component of the atmosphere is water vapor. Water vapor carries heat more easily than gases, so the circulation of water vapor is of critical importance for weather. It's also of critical importance for life on Earth, as water from the oceans is heated by sunlight to rise into the atmosphere where winds blow it over the land. When the water cools, it returns to the surface as rain. The movement of storm fronts is largely the result of collisions between air masses with different water content. Every gust of wind, every storm you have ever seen, every tornado and hurricane was therefore driven by solar energy.

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Methanol, CH3OH, has been considered as a possible fuel. Consider its oxidation: 2 CH3OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) ΔG =
Inessa [10]

<u>Answer:</u> Maximum work that can be obtained by given amount of methanol is -343kJ.

<u>Explanation:</u>

For the given chemical reaction:

2CH_3OH(l)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2CO_2(g)+4H_2O(g);\Delta G_{rxn}=-1372kJ/mol

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

2 moles of methanol does a work of 1372 kJ.

So, 0.5 moles of methanol will do a work of = \frac{1372kJ}{2}\times 0.5=343kJ

Hence, maximum work that can be obtained by given amount of methanol is -343kJ.

6 0
3 years ago
The bonding of two atoms will most likely occur if:
sergejj [24]
The bonding of two atoms will most likely occur if A. a more stable state can result from the union.
Otherwise, there would be no point in making two atoms bond.
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
In AG calculations, temperature is expressed in a. degrees Celsius. b. kelvins. c. degrees Fahrenheit, d. kilojoules.
schepotkina [342]

Answer:

The correct option is: a. degrees Celsius

Explanation:

The anion gap is the difference in the cations and anions in plasma, serum or urine, calculated from medical lab test results. It can be calculated by measuring the concentration of the anions or cations, which are expressed in millimoles/litre (mmol/L) or milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L).

The temperature in this test is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

6 0
3 years ago
A common fuel additive that is composed of C, H, and O enhanced the performance of gasoline began being phased out in 1999 becau
spayn [35]

Answer:

C₅ H₁₂ O

Explanation:

44 g of CO₂ contains 12 g of C

30.2 g of CO₂ will contain 12 x 30.2 / 44 = 8.236 g of C .

18 g of H₂O contains 2 g of hydrogen

14.8 g of H₂0 will contain 1.644 g of  H .

total compound = 12.1 out of which 8.236 g is C and 1.644 g is H , rest will be O

gram of O = 2.22

moles of C, O, H in the given compound =  8.236 / 12 , 2.22 / 16 , 1.644 / 1

= .6863 , .13875 , 1.644

ratio of their moles = 4.946 : 1 : 11.84

rounding off to digits

ratio = 5 : 1 : 12

empirical formula = C₅ H₁₂ O

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • From left to right, the three regions of a phase diagram represent the _____ of a substance.
    6·2 answers
  • What is the relationship between humidity and air pressure
    13·2 answers
  • How many moles of magnesium are needed to react with 16.0 g of O2?
    12·1 answer
  • _________ refers to the total energy of a system.
    5·2 answers
  • What volume of SO2 is produced when 2.35 g of sulfur burns? (All volumes are measured at STP) S (s) + O2(g) →SO2(g)
    7·1 answer
  • How much Sr(OH)2 • 8 H2O (M = 265.76) is needed to
    12·1 answer
  • When is Ksp determined for a system?
    13·2 answers
  • Identify the medium for the following waves:
    6·1 answer
  • PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    6·1 answer
  • Choose the atom with the larger first ionization energy.
    13·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!