Answer:
The great migration was a mass movement of African Americans during the first, and second, world wars. After being enslaved, and trapped in sharecropping in the Jim Crow south, African Americans were in a dire state of being used and taken advantage of, even after slavery had successfully been abolished. During the first world war, however, most white men were off in Europe fighting within the final year of the first world war. African Americans saw this as an amazing advantage to be able to break free of sharecropping and move farther north where there would be a greater chance for switching from agriculture to industry and factories. So, to recap, African Americans migrated north to escape sharecropping, escape the Jim Crow laws of the south, and become more advantageous in the industries of the north.
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This is known as the Anaconda Plan.
This military strategy, developed by Union General Winfield Scott, was meant to starve the Confederacy out of their resources. Essentially, Scott felt that if the Confederacy could not trade for goods with other countries they would not be able to survive. This is due to the Confederacy's reliance on cotton as their main cash crop.
This strategy helps to explain why the US wanted to blockade trade with other countries as well as why the Union wanted to control the Mississippi River, as they knew control of this waterway could negatively impact the Confederacy's ability to transport/obtain resources.
Farmers faced many problems in the late 1800s. Some of them included unpredictable weather leading to ruined crops, transportation problems making it hard to get crops to market, and many found it difficult to get credit.
