Question

Choose appropriate term from the list below for each of the following descriptions.

Answer 1

Answer: Please refer to Explanation

Explanation:

a. Executive Order 9066

This was a law signed in 1942 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the internment of tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan, leading to the loss of language and culture among tens of thousands of Japanese-Americans.

b. English-Only Movement.

This form of political activism advocates for the use of one language in the official United States government operations and a legal policy proclaiming an official national language. It also advocates against bilingual education.

c.Chinese Exclusion Act.

This 1882 federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur was the first immigration law that allowed an absolute moratorium banning an entire ethnic group from entering the United States.

d. Bilingual Education Act.

This federal legal act, signed in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. introduced a new type of education for students whose home language was not English. It was originally written for Spanish-speaking students, but

overtime it was changed to include all students who speak a language other than English. It signified the birth of the bilingual education movement but was replaced in 2001 by the No Child Left Behind legislation emphasizing

English Language Learning.

e. Proposition 227 and 58.

These laws have regulated the availability of bilingual programs in one of the largest states in the United States for the past 20 years. State in question is California.

f. Meyer vs. Nebraska.

This was a 1923 case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the 1919 Nebraska law restricting foreign-language education, specifically education in German.

g. Farrington vs. Tokushige.

This was a 1927 case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously struck down the Territory of Hawaii's law which made the teaching of foreign languages illegal for schools. The Supreme Court argued that the Hawaii law violated the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.

h. Lau vs. Nichols

This was a 1974 Supreme Court ease which extended bilingual education to Chinese-speaking children in San Francisco, California, first, and, subsequently, everywhere in the United States, arguing that the lack of appropriate bilingual programs was a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

i. Native American Languages Act.

This 1990 legislation passed by the US Congress declared it •the official policy of the United States government to preserve, protect, and promote the rights and freedom of Native Americans to use, practice, and develop Native languages."

j. Bill of Rights for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children.

This legislation, only passed by a handful of states so far. recognizes the not always deaf-friendly educational settings and proposes that every deaf child must have full access to all information, specialized personnel, school programs, social activities, and extra-curricular activities and a right to acquire both English and American Sign Language (a natural visual language).