Humans, when exhaling release carbon which helps them to make sugar, and as a biproduct plants release oxegen which humans inhale.
Answer:
phenotype
Explanation:
Within an individual organism, the specific combination of alleles for a gene is known as the genotype of the organism, and (as mentioned above) the physical trait associated with that genotype is called the phenotype of the organism.
Answer:
b. all three pathogens are obligate anaerobes.
Explanation:
Tetanus is caused by an <u>exotoxin</u> produced by the bacterium <em>Clostridium tetani</em>, which is normally f<u>ound in the soil</u>, although it may be present in the intestines of mammals. It is an <u>anoxic and spore-forming bacteria</u>. It enters the body through wounds or deep punctures, finding in the wound the anoxic conditions to germinate its spores, producing its potent toxin.
Anthrax is caused by the bacterium <em>Bacillus anthracis</em>, which is a stationary and <u>endospore-forming </u>bacteria that is resistant to high temperatures and chemicals. It is a <u>strictly aerobic</u> bacterium and can be <u>found naturally in the soil</u>. Both animals and humans can breathe or ingest spores of this bacterium by consuming meat or contaminated water. When spores get into the body, their turn into active cells and <u>produce exotoxins</u>
Botulism is caused by the pathogen <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>, a s<u>trict anaerobic</u> bacillus, producing <u>endospores and 8 different types of toxins</u>. Being a <u>soil-borne bacterium</u>, it usually appears in the food of animal and vegetable origin.
Answer:
For every molecule of O2 that is released by photosystem II,<u> 2 </u>H2O molecules are needed, which together pass <u>4</u> electrons to the PS II reaction-center complex.
Explanation:
Photosystem II can be described as a protein complex through which oxygen is released using water. Light energy is used in this process hence termed as light dependent reactions. This reaction happens in the thylakoid regions. As a molecule of water contains 2 hydrogen atoms, hence a molecule of H2O will release two electrons. two molecules of H2O will release 4 electrons. The break down of water also results in the release of oxygen.