d. Humans and other animal hosts lack peptidoglycan cell walls.
Explanation:
Humans and other animals lack cell walls. Bacterial cells have peptidoglycan cell walls around them. The absence of cell walls in the cells of human and other animal host ensures that these cells are not affected by the drugs that target the peptidoglycan cell walls to kill or slow down the growth of the bacterial pathogen.
This makes the drugs specifically target the bacterial cells only while not affecting the host cells. If a drug would target a component present in cells of both the pathogens and hosts, the host cells would be most likely to be harmed by the drugs.
The correct answer is d. Humans and other animal hosts lack peptidoglycan cell walls.
Explanation:
Bacterial cell wall is mainly made up of peptidoglycan layer which protects their internal structure of cells from the harsh external environment. Most of the bacteria are pathogenic to humans and chemotherapeutic agents are present in the market that kill them by destroying their cell wall.
Animal and human cells do not have any cell wall outside their cell membrane so these chemotherapeutic agents do not harm human or animal cells and are very selective for bacteria that contain peptidoglycan cell wall.
They can target the peptidoglycan in two ways 1. inhibit the formation of new peptidoglycan like penicillin or 2. By destroying the old peptidoglycan layer like lysozyme.
Therefore the right answer is d. Humans and other animal hosts lack peptidoglycan cell walls.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.
E.Coli would be a good model organism to study how the cell membrane controls movement of substances in and out of cells because it a eubacteria .Eubacteria characteristics include the ability to allow the movement of molecules across its membrane once a proton gradient is established , The membrane also has permeability enhancing properties that allow for the easy movement of substances.
