Answer:
B) oaks and other sexually reproducing, extant (currently living) trees
Explanation:
The biological species concept defines the species on the basis of their reproductive isolation. It states that when individuals are able to interbreed to produce fertile and viable progeny, they belong to the same species. The members of different biological species cannot interbreed. If they interbreed, either pre-zygotic or post-zygotic isolation mechanisms do not allow the production of fertile progeny.
Therefore, the biological species concept can be applied to the organisms that are able to reproduce sexually. The asexually reproducing organisms would not exhibit any reproductive isolation which is a key criterion to group organisms under different species. Among the given examples, biological species concept can be applied to the sexually reproducing extant trees such as oak.
Since we cannot deduce the reproductive isolation in sexually reproducing extinct species, the concept is not useful for dinosaurs which are extinct now.
Answer:
The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.
Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by <u>ion electrochemical gradients</u>.
Explanation:
An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.
<span>Since muscle contraction depends on interactions between actin, myosion and some intermediate molecules, the primary protein structure of such proteins and their spatial conformation are fundamental for their functioning. For example, actin and myosin, both filamentous proteins that slide past each other or troponin/tropomyosin interactions that blocks the binding of myosin to actin.</span>
Answer:
B. They cannot capture other organisms
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