Answer: in many parts of the world.
Explanation: I just had this question and got it right.
I believe it is B. Not 100% sure though.
There is no objective answer to this question, as both sides have arguments that support their views.
If you believe that you are bound by Hobbes' argument, it is because of tacit consent. Tacit consent means that, even though you have not explicitly agreed to follow laws, you have indicated your agreement through other means, for example, by using the public services of the government or by remaining within the limits of your country. Also, you could argue that any rational person would prefer to follow the rules of the government than to live in the state of nature. Therefore, if you are rational, your consent is assumed. Finally, you could also argue that while you did not explicitly agreed, maybe your ancestors did, which still binds you as a member of the same society.
On the other hand, if you believe that you are not bound by Hobbes' argument, you could argue that any contract that is not freely agreed upon is not valid. As the government uses force to make you act according to the law, you cannot be considered to be freely consenting. Also, you can argue that agreeing to follow some rules does not imply following <em>all</em> of the laws of the country. Finally, a common argument against Hobbes is the lack of empirical data. As we do not know if the state of nature is actually bad, or if the contract ever happened, the government cannot gain its legitimacy in that way.
Answer: social control
Explanation: The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform social control; also known as a way to encourage social conformity.
It is defined simply as a way society tries to prevent and sanction behaviours that violates existential rules that is enforced by members of a community.
Such ways might include for instance, shame, ridicule, sarcasm, criticism and disapproval.
This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:
Evadne, a teacher at an elementary school is completing a rating scale for one her students. The teacher has often complained about the student to the school counselor, leaving a bad impression about the student on the school counselor. Which of the following rating scale errors is most likely to occur?
(a) Severity
(b) Negative halo
(c) Social desirability
(d) Response Deviance
Answer:
The best answer seems to be negative halo.
Explanation:
Negative halo is also known as reverse halo effect. Halo effect refers to a cognitive bias caused by a good first impression. It happens when we allow that first impression to influence our general opinion of a person. Negative halo is, therefore, the opposite, when we allow a first bad impression to permeate our thoughts and actions toward that person. In the situation we are studying here, it is very likely that the school counselor will be influenced by the unfavorable opinions he/she has heard from the teacher.
