Do you mean ion pumps in the membrane of cell?
If so, then ion pumps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
Answer:
Vascular plants are successful due to better transportation for water, nutrients and reproduction.
The xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles allow for distribution of water and food to all parts of the body.
The answer to your question should be the last option (waste products) if not i would go with the first option but im pretty sure is the last option
It would be the endocrine system.
This is true. There are theories that scientist believe that everything become fossils. Some just aren't permanent because of the weak bone structure in most animals.