False.<span> Nations are sovereign and they have the right to determine their own policy.</span>
Answer:
The French Revolution was a watershed event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who met his death by guillotine, as did his wife Marie Antoinette. Although it failed to achieve all of its goals and at times degenerated into a chaotic bloodbath, the French Revolution played a critical role in shaping modern nations by showing the world the power inherent in the will of the people.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May, 1857 were as described below:
There were several riots, rebellion and revolts which occurred before May, 1857. But all these were localized and were suppressed by the British then and there.
In the mid 18th century, the powers of Nawabs, rajas, zamindars etc. were eroded. The freedom of the Indian rulers was reduced, their armed forces were disbanded, and their revenue and territories were taken by stages.
The Mughal Emperor had lost its control over the provinces. The traditional rulers fought among themselves and could not present a united front against a powerful foreign rule.
Residents had been stationed in many courts by the British as their representatives. These residents kept informing the governors about the important developments in every kingdom.
Indian princes and chiefs whom the British had allowed to continue used to side with the British during revolts before May, 1857.
<span>a. Lister’s work was only made possible by Pasteur’s discoveries.
Pasteur first theorized the cause of infection to be germs. Lister built on the "germ theory" and created the ideas of sterile surgery.
Both Pasteur and Lister are credited for revolutionizing surgery to become a sterile process. Without Pasteur's "germ theory", Lister would not have had a theory to work from. The two scientists also corresponded with one another improving the process for sterilization. </span>
Answer:
Purchase of Alaska, 1867
The purchase of Alaska in 1867 marked the end of Russian efforts to expand trade and settlements to the Pacific coast of North America, and became an important step in the United States rise as a great power in the Asia-Pacific region. Beginning in 1725, when Russian Czar Peter the Great dispatched Vitus Bering to explore the Alaskan coast, Russia had a keen interest in this region, which was rich in natural resources and lightly inhabited. As the United States expanded westward in the early 1800s, Americans soon found themselves in competition with Russian explorers and traders. St. Petersburg, however, lacked the financial resources to support major settlements or a military presence along the Pacific coast of North America and permanent Russian settlers in Alaska never numbered more than four hundred. Defeat in the Crimean War further reduced Russian interest in this region.
Explanation:
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