The correct answer is option (D) Lipid molecules are nonpolar because they repel water molecules, which are polar.
Lipids are organic compounds made up of fatty acids and glycerol. A glycerol is a organic molecule with three hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid consists of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to a carboxyl group.
Lipids are hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules with no charge on their ends. Waxes are long chain nonpolar lipids. The water repelling property of the waxes prevent the water sticking to it and appear as water beads on its surface. The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail of the fatty acids are hydrophobic in nature making them repel water. The presence of wax on the surface of the plants and animals protects them from dehydration.
Thus, the nonpolar property of lipids make it insoluble in the polar solvents like water as there is no interaction or sharing of electrons between them.
<em>Energy transformation</em>, also known as <em>energy conversion</em>, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work (Ex: Moving a heavy object from one place to another) On top of that, being convertible, according to the law of conservation of energy, energy is transferable to a different location or object, but it CANNOT be created or destroyed.
When it comes to transforming electrical energy to mechanical energy, A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, while a motor does the opposite. A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Both devices work because of electromagnetic induction, which is when a voltage is induced by a changing magnetic field.
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Answer: A community is all of the populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another. A community is composed of all of the biotic factors of an area. An ecosystem includes the living organisms (all the populations) in an area and the non-living aspects of the environment.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process taking place in the green plants which are involved in the formation of the glucose molecule using Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in two phases:
1. Light-dependent phase
2. Light independent phase
<u>Light-dependent phase
</u>
Light-dependent phase takes place in the thylakoid membrane where the Photosystem I and II are present.
The photosystem II absorbs the sunlight of 680 nm wavelength which excites the electron of the chlorophyll. The electron moves in the photosystem and through the reaction center-exit the photosystem and enters the electron transport chain.
The electron is then transferred via the electron carriers like plastoquinone, cytochrome, and plastocyanin and is transferred to photosystem I which absorbs the light at 700 nm. From here the electron is taken by ferrodoxin and form NADH.
The electron then reaches the ATP synthase and forms the ATP molecules thus ATP and NADPH are formed in the reaction but the loss of electron in chlorophyll is fulfilled by the water molecule which on hydrolysis provides the electrons and stabilize the structure.
<u> Light independent phase
</u>
The phase during which the Rubisco enzyme binds with the carbon dioxide and forms 3-PGA. This 3 PGA is then reduced to G3P which requires the 6 ATP molecules. The G3P molecule then forms 1 molecule of glucose and the Rubp is again regenerated.
