Adaptation is supported by Darwin's observation of local
variation among tortoises in the Galapagos Islands.
<span>In biology, an </span>adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a
current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and
evolved by means of natural selection. Adaptation<span> refers
to both the current state of being </span>adapted<span> and
to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the </span>adaptation.
The correct answer between all
the choices given is the second choice or letter B. I am hoping that this
answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help you in your
endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.
Answer:
hello!
Explanation:
Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that's performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end.
Answer:
Normal Strand: alanine - methionine - histidine
Mutated Strand: glutamine - cysteine - no third amino acid.
Explanation:
<h3>mRNA Structure</h3>
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is the RNA that is used in cells for protein synthesis. It has a single strand made by the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase. It contains four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).
<h3>DNA Replication</h3>
Before transcribing, we need to create the complementary strand of the DNA. We're going to write out the nucleotides of the complementary strand by matching the nucleotides in these pairs: (A & T) and (C & G).
Normal Strand: GCA ATG CAC
Complementary Strand: CGT TAC GTG
Next, we can transcribe this to find our mRNA. We're going to do the same thing to the complementary DNA strand, but with Uracils instead of Thymines. So our pairs are: (A & U) and (C & G)
Complementary DNA Strand: CGT TAC GTG
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
You'll notice that the mRNA strand is almost exactly like the new mRNA strand, but with Uracil instead of Thymine.
<h3>Reading Codons</h3>
Each set of three nucleotides is known as a codon, which encodes the amino acids that ribosomes make into proteins. To read the codons, you need to have a chart like the one I attached. Start in the middle and work your way to the edge of the circle. Some amino acids have multiple codons. There are also "stop" and "start" codons that signify the beginning and ends of proteins.
mRNA Strand: GCA AUG CAC
Amino Acids: Ala Met His
Our sequence is alanine, methionine, and histidine.
<h3>Frameshift Mutations</h3>
A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is either added or removed from the DNA. It causes your reading frame to shift and will mess up every codon past where the mutation was. This is different than a point mutation, where a nucleotide is <em>swapped</em> because that will only mess up the one codon that it happened in. Frameshift mutations are usually more detrimental than point mutations because they cause wider spread damage.
<h3>Mutated Strand</h3>
Let's repeat what we did earlier on the mutated strand to see what changed.
Mutated Strand: CAA TGC AC
Complementary Strand: GTT ACG TG
---
Complementary DNA Strand: GTT ACG TG
mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
---
mRNA Strand: CAA UGC AC
Amino Acids: Glu Cys X
---
Our amino acid sequence is glutamine, cysteine, and no third amino acid.
As you can see, removing the first nucleotide of the strand caused every codon to change. The last codon is now incomplete and won't be read at all. If this happened in a cell, the protein that was created from this mutated strand would be incorrect and may not function completely or at all.
The answer is c because many things are losing their habitat and food sources
The right answer is the first phase of the general adaption syndrome.
The concept of stress was introduced by Hans Selye. He describes the mechanism of the adaptation syndrome, that is to say all the modifications that allow an organism to bear the consequences of a natural or operative trauma.
In fact, it is the double-perception of a state of divergence between a demand for adaptation at a given moment and the ability to cope with it. It is an energy expenditure. It can be positive or negative.
The stress syndrome evolves in three successive stages:
*"Alarm reaction": the defense forces are mobilized
*"Resistance stage": adaptation to the stressor
*"Stage of exhaustion": inexorably reached if the stressor is sufficiently powerful and acts a long time.