Answer:
Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria constitutes large group of unicellular organisms that lacks membrane bound organelles and constitute cell wall. Bacteria are used for the production of recombinant proteins.
Bacteria can be selected easily for the recombinant protein formation. The plasmid of bacteria is helpful for the integration of desired genes and the production of protein. The bacteria culture can be maintained easily in the laboratory. The different strains of bacteria with different traits can be used for the production of different recombinant proteins at low cost.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
The arrangement of homeotic genes along chromosomes of vertebrate and invertebrate animals corresponds to the expression pattern of the genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo.
<h3>What are homeotic genes?</h3>
- Homeotic genes are a group of body pattern forming genes which control the development along the anterior- posterior axis of the developing embryo.
- These encode transcription factors which control and specify the genes involved in body patterning. These provide identity to the segments during embryo formation.
- Genes located in the 5’ end act on posterior side whereas the genes on 3’ end act on anterior region.
- Homeotic genes are evolutionary conserved and control body specification, patterning and differentiation.
- The loss of function of any of the gene changes the body pattern and affects the development.
Learn more about homeotic genes here:
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Answer: In stage 5, your kidneys are nearing or are in complete failure. Symptoms of the loss of kidney function will be evident. These include vomiting and nausea, trouble breathing, itchy skin, and more. At this stage you'll need regular dialysis or a kidney transplant.
- Chronic kidney disease. The most common form of kidney disease is chronic kidney disease. ...
- Kidney stones. Kidney stones are another common kidney problem. ...
- Glomerulonephritis. ...
- Polycystic kidney disease. ...
- Urinary tract infections.
Explanation:
