The theory of tectonic plates explains that large convectional currents occuring in the mantle(as a result of magma) are the reasons plates,and so continents,are moved. Note movement occurs in the boundary in between the plates.
<span><span><span>Release enzymes outside of the cell (exocytosis)</span>
which may serve the purpose of destroying materials around the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from inside the cell (autophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from inside the cell.
This could include digesting worn-out organelles so that useful chemicals locked-up in their structures can be re-used by the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from outside the cell (heterophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from outside the cell.
This could include breaking-down material taken-in by phagocytes, which include many types of white blood cells - also known as leucocytes. Specific mechanisms of heterophagy can be:<span><span>phagocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular debris, bacteria or other particles - only occurs in certain specialized cells</span><span>pinocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular fluid</span><span>endocytic - by which cells take-up particles such as molecules that have become attached to the outer-surface of the cell membrane.</span></span></span><span><span>Recycle the products of biochemical reactions that have taken place following materials being brought into the cell by endocytosis (general term for this 'recycling' function: biosynthesis) </span>
Different materials (chemicals) are processed in different ways, e.g. some structures may be processed/degraded within lysosomes and others are taken to the surface of the cell.</span><span>Completely break-down cells that have died (autolysis)</span></span>
In general, the functions of lysosomes involve breaking-down i.e. processing to 'make safe' or make use of, or removing from the cell e.g. by exocytosis, useless and potentially harmful materials such as old worn-out parts of the cell or potential threats such bacteria. Lysosomes can therefore be thought of as the rubbish disposal units within cel
City-state government was often conquered because they did not have enough resources to protect themselves
Explanation:
A city-state government is an independent autonomic political system which usually compromises just a single independent city which is governed by itself with sovereignty over its territory. The city-states like Greece, Italy, and Rome etc became very powerful.
The main reason for these city-states being conquered more was the accumulation of wealth and aristocracy in such states.
Heavy taxes, religion, slavery also lead to social unrest and conflicts among these city-states which made them weaker. These internal conflicts also made them lose their resources and vulnerable to be conquered by other powerful empires.
With the increasing power of neighboring states, like in the case of Rome and Greece, the Romans became mightier than Greeks at one point and conquered the Greek city-states.
B. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. - as a result of mitosis.
Answer:
The correct answer is option E. "direct repair using photolyase has removed many of the pyrimidine dimers from the DNA in an error-free manner, so there are fewer lesions for SOS repair to process".
Explanation:
Photolyase is a type of enzyme that catalyses DNA repair from damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Photolyase requires activation by exposure visible light, particularly from the violet end of the visible spectrum. If the Petri plates of the bacteria exposed to UV are located in an incubator that is closely at a large sunny windows, it is very likely that the bacteria is performing direct DNA repair using its photolyase enzymes.