Explanation:
Equation of the reaction:
Br2(l) + Cl2(g) --> 2BrCl(g)
The enthalpy change for this reaction will be equal to twice the standard enthalpy change of formation for bromine monochloride, BrCl.
The standard enthalpy change of formation for a compound,
ΔH°f, is the change in enthalpy when one mole of that compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard state at a pressure of 1 atm.
This means that the standard enthalpy change of formation will correspond to the change in enthalpy associated with this reaction
1/2Br2(g) + 1/2Cl2(g) → BrCl(g)
Here, ΔH°rxn = ΔH°f
This means that the enthalpy change for this reaction will be twice the value of ΔH°f = 2 moles BrCl
Using Hess' law,
ΔH°f = total energy of reactant - total energy of product
= (1/2 * (+112) + 1/2 * (+121)) - 14.7
= 101.8 kJ/mol
ΔH°rxn = 101.8 kJ/mol.
Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
The ph before the addition of any Koh is<u> 10.105.</u>
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
After the addition of 50 ml KOH,
moles of KOH = 50 * 0.13 =<u> 6.5 mmol </u>
<u>moles </u><u>of HClO = 50 * 0.13 = 6.5 mmol </u>
occurred hydrolysis solution,
pH = 0.5(14 + pKa + log [base conjugate])
pH = 0.5(14 + (- log (4 * 10^-8)) + log (6.5/(50 + 50)))
pH = <u>10.105</u>
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.
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