The term that is used to describe the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a shape is The kinetic theory.
Answer:

Explanation:
Bases are the species which furnish hydroxide ions in the solution or is capable of forming bonds with electron deficient species as they are electron rich species. When a base accepts a proton, it changes into a acid which is known as its conjugate acid.
Net ionic equation : In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations. Only the species which are present in aqueous state dissociate. So, the net ionic equation of aqueous solution of ammonia is shown below as:-

The substance whose Lewis structure shows three covalent bonds is Nitrogen gas molecule.
<h3>What is Lewis structure?</h3>
Lewis structure is a dot structure which gives idea about the number of valence electrons that are involved in the bonding within the molecule.
Lewis dot structure of nitrogen gas will be expressed as in the attached image, where between two nitrogen atoms triple bond is present. That triple bond is formed by the sharing of electrons and known as covalent bonds.
Hence in nitrogen gas molecule three covalent bonds is present.
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The structure of this oligopeptide is attached:
It consists of arginine - alanine - phenylalanine and leucine
From the picture we can see that N terminus charge is +1
Also Arginine is considered as basic amino acid with charge +1
C terminus charge is -1
At pH = 8, the whose pKa are less than pH will be deprotonated and the net charge will be +1
So the net charge of this oligopeptide is +1 at pH = 8