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lyudmila [28]
3 years ago
14

What is penetration? How is it related to shielding? Use the penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital en

ergies of a 3p and a 3d electron in the same atom.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Whitepunk [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: penetration is the ability of an electron in a given orbital to approach the nucleus closely. Shielding refers to the fact that core electrons reduce the degree of nuclear attraction felt by the orbital electrons. Shielding is the opposite of penetration. The most penetrating orbital is the least screening orbital. The order of increasing shielding effect/decreasing penetration is s<p<d<f.

Explanation:

The order of penetrating power is 1s>2s>2p>3s>3p>4s>3d>4p>5s>4d>5p>6s>4f....

Since the 3p orbital is more penetrating than the 3d orbital, it will lie nearer to the nucleus and thus possess lower energy.

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How many moles of ammonia can be formed from 4.0 mol H2
Bess [88]

Answer: 1. 2.7 moles  of ammonia are formed

2. 12.0 moles  of hydrogen are required

3. 2.0 moles of nitrogen are required

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation is:

N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3

According to stoichiometry:

3 moles of hydrogen form = 2 moles of ammonia

Thus 4.0 moles of hydrogen form =\frac{2}{3}\times 4.0=2.7moles of ammonia

According to stoichiometry:

2 moles of ammonia are formed by = 3 moles of hydrogen

Thus 8.0 moles of ammonia are formed by  =\frac{3}{2}\times 8.0=12.0moles of hydrogen

According to stoichiometry:

3 moles of hydrogen react with = 1 mole of nitrogen

Thus 6.0 moles of hydrogen react with =\frac{1}{3}\times 6.0=2.0moles of nitrogen

3 0
2 years ago
If the H3O is 4.950 x 10-12 what is the ph?
romanna [79]

Answer:

pH = 11.3

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] = 4.950×10¯¹² M

pH =.?

The pH of a solution is defined by the following equation:

pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]

Thus, with the above formula, we can obtain the pH of the solution as follow:

Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] = 4.950×10¯¹² M

pH =.?

pH = –Log [H₃O⁺]

pH = –Log 4.950×10¯¹²

pH = 11.3

8 0
3 years ago
Suggest two observations that would be made when rubidium is added to cold water.
tino4ka555 [31]

Answer:

1. Rubidium metal reacts very rapidly with water to form a colorless basic solution of rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) and hydrogen gas (H2).

2. Rubidium sinks because it is less dense than water. It reacts violently and immediately, with everything leaving the container. Rubidium hydroxide solution and hydrogen are formed.

6 0
2 years ago
What law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the miles of the gas when pressure and temperature are kept constant
Rufina [12.5K]

ideal gas law. but you are talking about moles of gas not miles

5 0
2 years ago
Advantage of modern perodic law ​
mario62 [17]

Answer:

it has made the study of chemistry systematic and easy. it acts as an aid to memory

6 0
2 years ago
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