Answer:
The battery it consider as one of the circuits elements.
The bending of light as it passes into a transparent material of of different optical intensity is known as refraction.
the force applied when using a simple machine is called the effort force
Answer:
Semiconductors.
Explanation:
Semiconductors are materials whose electrical conductivities range between that of an insulator and that of a conductor.
Most pure semi-conductors have 4 valence electrons that are usually not available for conduction of electricity (as movement of electrons is what causes the conduction of electricity). In pure semi conductors, it is the holes (spaces supposed to be occupied by electrons) that are usually responsible for the conduction of electricity.
Semi Conductors can undergo a phenomenon called doping and semi conductors' electrical conductivities can be tweaked to go to very extreme highs after doping. Doping is done in two ways, it could entail the addition of impurities that add electrons to the semi conductors (leading to n-type of semi conductors; impurities that lead to this type of semi conductors, include Phosphorus, Arsenic, etc.) or impurities that help remove electrons and increase the number of holes (p-type semi conductor; the impurities that lead to this type of semi conductors, include Boron, Galium etc.). Conductivity can be increased either ways though.
So, conductors can enable and inhibit the flow of electricity.
