The main goals of the Human Genome Project were to provide a complete and accurate sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome and to find all of the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 human genes.
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Answer and Explanation:
A gene is a section of DNA. The change in the sequence of the DNA is known as mutation. Mutation always changes the sequence of the DNA. Sunlight can cause mutation. Sunlight produces structures named thymine dimers. Thymine dimers produce twist in the shape of DNA. These twists make DNA hard to copy, which can lead to mutation. It is essential to use sunscreen to block UVA and UVB rays to prevent thymine dimers from emerging in our cells. The US Food and Drug Agency recommends an SPF (sun protection factor) to defend against skin aging and skin cancer. X-ray radiation is a form used in x-rays. The energy level of the X-ray radiation is very high that can produce free radicals. Free radicals can steal electrons from DNA that can cause mutation. By using medical images, we can decrease exposure to X-rays. Less exposure to X-rays prevents mutation and also prevents the production of gene protein in other body parts.
<u>The four types of interactions in communities are:</u>
- Mutualism
- Parasitism
- Commensalism
- Competition
<u>Definition of each interaction:</u>
<em>Mutualism: </em>
The type of interaction in which both the species involved are benefited, it is called mutualism.
<em>Parasitism:</em>
The type of interaction in which one species is benefited, whereas the other is harmed, it is called parasitism.
<em>Commensalism:</em>
The type of interaction in which one species gets benefited without harming or providing benefits to others is called commensalism.
<em>Competition:</em>
The type of interaction in which both species lose is called competition. It is opposite of mutualism.
<u>Symbiotic relationship:</u>
It refers to the type of interaction in which lastly one species gets benefited. The type of interactions such as <em>mutualism, commensalism, and Parasitism </em>are considered as symbiotic relationship.
All the spheres interact with other spheres. For example, rain (hydrosphere) falls from clouds in the atmosphere to the lithosphere and forms streams and rivers that provide drinking water for wildlife and humans as well as water for plant growth (biosphere).
<span>The Archaea constitute a domain and kingdom of single-celled microorganisms.</span>
