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RUDIKE [14]
3 years ago
6

What is the best definition of mutation

Biology
2 answers:
statuscvo [17]3 years ago
8 0
Mutations. Definition. A Mutationoccurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed
Nikolay [14]3 years ago
7 0

A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.

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Explain five important things that can be determined by studying fossils.
Naddik [55]
Studying fossils allowed researchers to learn about organisms that lived long ago. The fossils provide as evolutionary evidence that shows how organisms in our present time have evolved over time and which common ancestors they are tied to. Fossils also provide information about climate change depending on the region and location they are found in. Fossils also date back to millenias ago, so fossils dated very far back in the past can help researchers infer that life had existed even farther than what they might have discovered. And finally, by studying fossils, you can determine how the organism may have died.
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3 years ago
How has technology been used to address issues to sewage
vfiekz [6]
The answer is A, as most sewage treatment plants use bacteria to break down and remove nutrients. The main water pollution problem caused by sewage effluent is eutrophication, related to the release of nutrients into rivers and lakes. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus ions result in high algal growth. Some algal blooms release toxins, and algal blooms also disrupt the natural dissolved oxygen concentration cycles. Fish kills are often because eutrophication has resulted in anoxic conditions. 

Anyway, wastewater treatment plants utilise bacteria to facilitate nitrification or denitrification, which removes ammonia and nitrates/nitrites, respectively.
7 0
2 years ago
Which nonspecific defense mechanism increases the resistance of cells to viral infection and slows the spread of disease?​
satela [25.4K]

Answer:

Which nonspecific defense mechanism increases the resistance of cells to viral infection and slows the spread of disease?​

the nonspecific defense mechanism that increases the resistance of cells to viral infection and slows the spread of disease is called phagocytic barrier

Explanation:

Phagocytic barrier helps to attack any foreign materials that enteiers the body system sych as bacteria, viruses among others.

5 0
3 years ago
Why are there lefties (and righties)?
malfutka [58]

Answer:

These changes are often brought about by environmental influences and can affect how a baby grows. These gene-expression differences could affect the right and left parts of the spinal cord differently, resulting in lefties and righties.

Explanation:

Most people — about 85 to 90% — are right-handed, and there's no population on Earth where left-handers are in the majority.

That uneven split has had some historic downsides for lefties. They've had to use scissors, desks, knives and notebooks that were designed with righties in mind. Many lefties were forced, against their natural inclination, to write with their right hands (including some famous examples like King George VI of England). They've been discriminated against and eyed with suspicion, as evidenced in the language used to describe lefties. "Right" in English obviously also means "correct." The etymology of the word "sinister" can be traced back to the Latin word for "left."

While the stigma against left-handedness has faded in most places, scientists are still confounded by the righty-lefty divide. Researchers are still trying to understand what makes people prefer one hand over the other and why righties dominate.  

On an individual level, handedness might be determined at the earliest stages of development. Scientists reported in 2005 in the journal Neuropsychologia that fetuses will show a hand preference in the womb (by sucking the thumb of one hand), a proclivity that continues after they're born.  

While there's no righty or lefty gene, DNA does seem to play a role in handedness. In a recent study published in Brain: A Journal of Neurology, researchers at the University of Oxford looked at the DNA of about 400,000 people in the U.K. and found that four regions of the genome are generally associated with left-handedness. Three out of these four regions were involved in brain development and structure. Some researchers hope that studying the biological differences between lefties and righties could shed light on how the brain develops specializations in its right and left hemispheres.  

The right stuff

Trying to answer the question of handedness from an evolutionary perspective is also complicated. Researchers can detect handedness in the archaeological record by looking for certain anatomical traits in prehistoric skeletons, such as asymmetry in the size and density of arm bones, and by examining prehistoric tools.  

"If you know how the tool was held and how it was used, then you can look at the wear traces" to determine if a lefty or righty used the tool, said Natalie Uomini, a senior scientist at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany. Scientists can even look at the direction of diagonal scratches on fossilized teeth to see which hand people were using to tear off meat or animal hides in their mouths.

Righties have dominated for as far back in the archaeological record as researchers can see, about 500,000 years, Uomini said. Neanderthals, our now-extinct human cousins, were also strongly right-handed.  

That makes humans pretty strange among animals. Several nonhuman species, such as the other great apes, are individually handed, but the split between righties and lefties is typically closer to 50-50.

What caused our extreme bias toward right-handedness to evolve and persist? From an evolutionary perspective, if right-handedness evolved because it had some kind of advantage, then you might expect left-handers to disappear completely, Uomini told Live Science. She added that there are some disadvantages to being left-handed, such as higher frequencies of work accidents. Researchers also linked left-handedness to learning disabilities, in a study published in 2013 in Brain: A Journal of Neurology.  

But there's a leading theory to explain why left-handers have maintained a constant minority: the fighting hypothesis.  

"The idea is that in hand-to-hand combat, or in combat with weapons, there is an evolutionary advantage to being a minority left-hander," Uomini said. "If you're left-handed, you have a surprise advantage because most people are used to fighting against right-handers." That lefty advantage has been shown in one-on-one sports like fencing, scientists reported in 2010 in the journal Laterality.  

If that hypothesis is correct, it would mean that even though the downsides to left-handedness were significant enough to keep lefties in the minority, lefties' advantage in combat at least gave them a fighting chance against eventual extinction.

7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The relative humidity would be ________% if the actual water vapor in the air was 10 grams per cubic meter, the air's capacity t
lys-0071 [83]

Answer: The Relative humidity is 50%

Explanation: Relative humidity is the ratio of the air’s water vapour content (the actual amount of water vapour in the air) to its water vapour capacity at a given temperature. It depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest and it is usually expressed in PERCENTAGE; the higher the percentage, the more humid the air/water mixture.

The formula of Relative humidity (%) = (water vapor content / water vapor capacity) x 100%

Where: Water vapour content is the actual amount of water vapour in the air. Which is 10g/cm³ from the question above;

Water vapour capacity is the air's capacity to hold water vapour. Which is 20g/cm³ from the question above.

Therefore, RH(%)= (10g/cm³ / 20g/cm³) x 100 = 0.5 x 100= 50%

This means that the air contains half of the water vapour it could hold at 20 degree Celsius.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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