Answer:
The initial step in the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is activation of the amino acid by reaction with ATP
Explanation:
In protein synthesis, the first step involves the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA. This reaction is catalyzed by the the Mg²⁺-dependent enzymes known as aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases and occurs in two steps.
The first step of the reaction of the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is the activation of the amino acid by the attachment of an AMP molecule formed from the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate. The aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is bound to the enzyme in this initial step. Subsequently, in the second step of the activation of the amino acid, the aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is then transferred to its specific tRNA. The pyrophosphate formed in the first step is hydrolyzed to 2 phosphate molecules by a pyrophosphatase.
The overall reaction step is illustrated below:
Amino acid + tRNA + ATP -----> aminoacyl-tRNA +AMP + 2Pi
Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere. But "good" ozone is referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS), including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. These were are sometimes still used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. Once released into the air these ozone-depleting substances degrade really slowly. They can remain intact for years as they move through the troposphere until they reach the stratosphere.
Explanation:
Stratified cuboidal epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium can also be found in certain glands and ducts, but are uncommon in the human body.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer: Since nutrients are needed to build life tissues and carry out essential life functions, a limiting nutrient (scarce nutrient) will limit organisms' growth in an ecosystem.