Answer:
Explanation:
Membrane fusion is the process by which two different cells get united composing a unique membrane that englobes the content con the two original cells. The final new cell is known as heterokaryon. The cellular membrane has the capability to fuse to other membranes without losing their continuity. This is due to its fluidity, provided by the membrane dynamic and complex components.
For membrane fusion to occur it is necessary that they recognize each other. Fusion proteins favor these processes promoting the cell recognition and the local distortion of the cell membrane. Their surfaces get together and form a lipidic structure between the adjacent membranes which continues to form a fusion pore. This pore will expand until the membranes are completely fused. Bilayer structure breaks locally allowing the outer layer to fuse by their hydrophilic heads, a process known as hemifusion. While this happens, the lipidic hydrophobic extremes of the outer layer of one of the membranes get inserted in the other membrane. After that, hydrophilic tails interact with each other and then the polar heads of the inner layer take place to fuse. Both the bilayers are now fused forming a continuous membrane.
Answer:
A tornado.
Explanation:
A tornado is a vertical column of air that is in contact with the ground and the sky. The air in a tornado rotates at high speeds creating a vortex with an empty core. This massive air column moves at high speeds, usually at 180 Km/h, taking everything that is on its way in a short time of about fifteen minutes.
Q1. The answer is removing metabolic wastes from the body.
Excretion is the process through which metabolic wastes are removed from the body. Skin, lungs, and greatly kidney, which are the part of the excretory system, are responsible for excretion of metabolic waste in vertebrates. Invertebrates have special systems (insects, for example, have Malpighian tubules) or use skin to excrete metabolic wastes while single-celled organisms use the whole surface of the cell.
Q2. The answer is some animals live in dry or salty environments.
Kidneys are important organs in maintaining water balance. Some animals that live in dry and salty environments must preserve water in order to maintain homeostasis. They drink and eat food with more salt in it. If they lose that precious water in such conditions, the amount of different salts in the organism will increase and it will affect a normal functioning of the organism.
Q3. The answer is simple diffusion across the skin.
Ammonia is very toxic substance and a lot of water is needed for its neutralisation and excretion. Therefore, animals that live in water excrete ammonia directly in the water. Many freshwater invertebrates eliminate ammonia through skin. In animals that do not live in the water, kidneys and liver help conversion of ammonia into urea which is then excreted.,
Q4. They both actively pump salt across their gills.
Both saltwater and freshwater fishes use gills to eliminate nitrogenous wastes while kidneys have a little role in the elimination of this kind of the waste. Salt that is lost is replaced by active transport of salt ions into the body by the gills.
Q5. The answer is They both convert nitrogenous wastes to uric acid.
A garden spider and a sparrow are terrestrial organisms. They do not live in the water and do not excrete metabolic wastes in the water. It is known that ammonia is toxic nitrogenous substance and a lot of water is needed for its excretion. For water organisms this is not a problem, they are surrounded by water, but terrestrial organisms, such as the garden spider and the sparrow, have no such amount of water in the environment, so their kidneys and liver must convert ammonia into urine which can then easily be excreted.
Well it’s obvious that they both use Photosynthesis to make there own food, and also they both use chemosynthesis the produce there own food. Very simple. :)
Answer: the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
or
the physiology, behavior, and other qualities of a particular organism or class of organisms.
and
the plants and animals of a particular area
