<span>10% rule (efficiency between trophic levels): limits how long an ecosystem's food chain can be
Predator/prey
cost benefit analysis (i.e. foraging) -- cost is risk of being eaten or
killed along the way, benefit is energy/nourishment obtained: limits
distribution of predator v. prey
Immigration/Emigration with other populations and ecosystems
Island
biogeography: size of land and distance from another
population/ecosystem (mainland): limits population size and variability
on island</span>
Amphibia,
Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia are included in the group Tetrapoda. The
correct answer between all the choices given is the second choice. I am hoping
that this answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help you in
your endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.
HOPE THIS HELPED!!! XD
Answer:
'Gametes are formed through a process of cell division called meiosis. This two-step division process produces four haploid daughter cells. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes. When the haploid male and female gametes unite in a process called fertilization, they form what is called a zygote.'
Explanation:
Answer:
dimerization and phosphorylation
Explanation:
Protein kinase receptors are simply saying receptors with associated kinases (usually tyrosine kinases).
Protein kinases are enzymes that have the ability to modulate other enzymes (or some other proteins) by adding the phosphate group. This is known as phosphorilation process. As a result of structural change, protein can change its activity (phosphorilation usually increase the activity).
Such receptors are involved in a many processes within an organism that are important for the cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism .
