All the options are incorrect. The correct answer will be THE NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS MOVING DOWN THE PROTEIN CHANNEL.
A proton pump is found in the inner membrane of mitochondria which is also known as hydrogen ion pump. The hydrogen ion is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane depending on the proton gradient.
Endorphins are brain chemicals
known as neurotransmitters which are released when the body feels a certain
amount of stress and pain. Endorphins alter the communication of pain in the
body by interacting with the opiate receptors and blocking the synapse so that signals
cannot be sent to the brain in order to reduce an individual perception of pain.
Your answer is sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is when two distinct types of reproductive cells known as gametes fuse together, involving female's egg and male's sperm.
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The answer is fixed interval
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Scientists prove their hypothesis is true about Scientists can never "prove" their hypotheses are true, because some future experiment, possibly using new technology not currently available, might show the hypothesis to be false after all.