The right answer is the D: During Muhammad's early rule, Jewish people enjoyed a protected status, provided that they were good and were acting justly. This fragment reflects how the Constitution ensured the freedom of religious beliefs and practices in the state of Medina and its autonomous communities, since, ultimately, Muhammad sought to guarantee the general welfare of its citizens, who had been in a constant state of war for many generations and were facing serious economic and social problems. Even though the document referred to Muhammad as Prophet and Messenger, it was implied that the Jews did not have to recognize him as such and could maintain their own religion. However, if they wanted the protection of the Believers, and if they wanted to be treated with equality and to be helped, they were expected to follow and thrive with them, to contribute to the cost of war - if they were fighting against the same enemy - and to assist them if they were being attacked.
This is a very significant document, a very early example of a written constitution.
The main idea in Madison's federalist paper #51 is that checks and balances can and should be put in place in a federal government in order to keep any single branch from becoming too powerful.
Chlorine and Mustard gas are types of poison gas, sometimes used during chemical warfare. For example Germany introduced their usage against the Allies during WW1.
Answer:
Hernan Cortes was the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1519 and 1521.
Due to several adversities, Cortes did not come to the New World until 1506. He took part in the conquest of the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba and received large lands and Native American slaves for his efforts.
Cortes eagerly sold and pledged all his land to buy ships and supplies. He arranged through Cuba's governor Diego Velazquez, a distant relative, as well as his father-in-law, that he should lead an expedition. Officially, the goal was to discover and trade with the new countries it was rumored to be westward. He was forbidden to colonize, but through his persuasive ability and legal knowledge he had previously obtained, succeeded in persuading Governor Velazquez to insert an additional clause. It would allow him to take the necessary action without authorization, "for the good of the kingdom". At the last minute, the governor felt that Cortes was too ambitious for his own good, and changed and deleted the clause. Basically, the expedition was a private adventure as it had been funded by Cortes' own and borrowed funds.
With only 700 men, he succeeded in conquering the Aztecs' kingdom against all odds. When Cortes arrived in Mexico in 1519, the Aztecs waited for their god Quetzalcoatl to return and overthrow the Aztecs. When Cortes appeared, it was believed that a god had come. The Aztecs terrorized their neighbors by occasionally attacking them to take prisoners, which were used at religious ceremonies (with cannibalistic elements). Therefore, there was a great dissatisfaction among the Native American tribes around the Aztecs. Therefore, many of these stood on the Spanish side.