The essential elements of geography you would want to look at to also study the weather of a region would be factors that most greatly impact weather patterns. This would include proximity to large bodies of water including large lakes, seas, and oceans and also the proximity to major water currents. In addition to this you would want to look at proximity to mountain ranges or elevation changes and specifically look at the elevation of a location. You also would want to look at the latitude of a location to determine the distance from the equator which will also greatly impact the weather and climate of a place. Generally you want to look at any factors that impact the weather based on a locations geography.
