This is called Thermal Expansion.
The patients skin laceration healed nicely leaving a cicatrix, which is a scar.
A cicatrix is the scar of a healed wound - when you have a deep wound, and it gets stitched/heals on its own, after a while, that wound is going to transform into a cicatrix, which is just a fancy medical term for a scar.
Lactobacillus is the answer for this question
Sperm cell. Meiosis is the creation of Sex cells, therefore, the answer would be Sperm Cell.
Karyotyping can give information on a persons sex and chromosomal disorders. It cannot give information on a persons trait's and how severe a disorder is.