The axon, or nerve fiber, is an extension of the neuron that drives the electrical signal from the cell body to the synaptic zones. Along the axon, this signal consists of action potentials.
The other extensions of the neuron are the dendrites that lead the signal from the synapses to the cell body (to be then driven to the axon). The neurons most often have a single axon and several dendrites (the influx can come from several directions, or several dendrites, but always converge towards the axon).
A red shift means that the object is moving away from you.
An example of vesiscle-mediated transport would be cell secretion by exocytosis.
The reason why this would be an example of vesicle-mediated transport is because all the other types of transport listed here are not something you would call vesicle-transport; the substances don't really get transported in vesicles. This is different in exocytosis where the compounds gets packaged into vesicles.
