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The last emperor able to dominate the papacy, he was a powerful advocate of the Cluniac reform movement that sought to purify the Western church. Henry III.
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Explanation:
The Debate over Ratification Those who supported the Constitution became known as federalists and those who opposed its ratification were called antifederalists. ... The antifederalists favored strong state governments and believed that the national government created by the Constitution was too strong.
Federalists argued that the Constitution did not need a bill of rights, because the people and the states kept any powers not given to the federal government. Anti-Federalists held that a bill of rights was necessary to safeguard individual liberty.
The amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were designed to protect the basic rights of U.S. citizens, guaranteeing the freedom of speech, press, assembly, and exercise of religion; the right to fair legal procedure and to bear arms; and that powers not delegated to the federal government were reserved for the states ...
In order to combat the rising average age, Japan in undertaking a nation-wide campaign to increase birthrates by educating the public on their options, and providing economy incentives for new moms.
They used mirrors i believe
The royal councils in 18th century colonies held judicial, legislative & executive powers & the governor's chief advisory board.