A newspaper office runs smoothly because each employee has a specific job that leads to newspapers being printed and distributed. emile durkheim would call this organic solidarity.
Organic solidarity is based on the premise that individuals can collectively mix and live together in society. It is contrasted by mechanical solidarity, which often refers to pre-industrialized social settings, whereby communities were mostly isolated and had homogeneous social traits.
Émile Durkheim's Organic Solidarity is a theory that explains how we work together, we divide work and how this causes us to depend on each other. An example is when in a school sale some are responsible for making the product, perhaps cupcakes, others to buy the ingredients to make them, other students sell them and others charge them. To do the job completely, we must depend on others and work in solidarity.
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In a market economy the production is determined not by someone's decision <em>(which can be wrong, and a wrong decision is the reason why there there are unwanted goods or a lack of wanted goods) </em>but it is regulated by the supply and demand: if there is a need for a good, it will be produced, and if there is no need for something, its production will halt and there will not be an unwanted storage.
In short, in a market economy, the economy itself regulates this.
I believe the answer is: Pathos
Pathos could be initiated by various strategies. For example, the speaker could appeal to the emotions by telling an emotional story about his/her past experience, but still related to the topic of the speech.
Other strategy would be to build the persuasive case on the culture/tradition that could be related by most of the audiences.
I believe the answer is: scientific stage
In the scientific stage of societal develoment, people start to rely more on empirical evidence to drive their decision rather than religion or any forms of diety. In this stage of development, innovations would start to flourish and society tend to keep inventing things that increase their prosperity.
