Answer: the birth of Arabian civilization can be dated to 7th century A.D. Then Islam was spreading westwards to northern Africa...from Egypt to Maroccos. From Maroccos Muslims spread to Iberian peninsula. But they were not able to move more northwards ....beyond Pyrenees. Christian states were stable, well-organized and were able to organize their armies and protect themselves.
Explanation: they were not able to move beyond Pyrenees because already in the north of Iberian peninsula there were well-organized Christian kingdom. They were small but they constituted a barrier. The only significan Arabian invasion to Europe consitutes "battle of Poitiers" (sometimes called "battle of Tours) in 732 A.D. There Franks led by Charles Martel were victorious and Arabians had to retreat behind Pyrenees. Later on Arabians were expulsed from Iberian peninsula (first from Portugal, then from Spain).
Some of the southern European countries have contributed to the development of world art, the best example of them is Italy.
<h3>How did Italy contribute to art?</h3>
Italy is a sovereign country in southern Europe that has been characterized by its great contributions to the world of art throughout history. There arose one of the most important human civilizations, the Roman Empire.
Since Roman times, art, especially sculpture in marble and other materials, was the main activity of artists. Once the Middle Ages began, artists focused on painting. Later, during modernity, painting was also used as a means to express the feelings and ideologies of society.
Some of the most outstanding works are:
- The Sistine Chapel - Michelangelo Buonarotti
- The last supper - Leonardo da vinci
- The Gioconda - Leonardo Da Vinci
- Birth of Venus - Sandro Botticelli
Another prominent country in the field of art is Spain, where talented artists have emerged such as:
- Pablo Picasso
- Johan Miro
- Salvador Dali
- Francisco de Goya
Learn more about Italy in: brainly.com/question/11854132
The understand by the term minority is 12 time 45 .
The corona the outer layer of Sun is not visible during day time because bright sun. We can not see stars during day time. This is because during the normal daytime, the photosphere's bright light outshines the corona, like it does the chromosphere, but telescopes specially designed to take photographs of the inner corona, calledcoronagraphs, can block out the light of the photosphere and help astronomers study its properties a bit.
