Because smoking can cause many different bad things to happen to you some examples would be lung cancer or if you smoke while you are pregnant you cold cause premature or birth defects to the baby, alcohol can just be bad a lot of the time because people can become addicted and loose a lot of money on buying alcohol and/or smoking materials.
Electricity could be discovered using batteries based on zinc or lead, but without copper wiring it would remain little more than a scientific curiosity. Electric motors and generators require large amount of wiring, so they are impossible to build on large scale in this world
One advantage would be fertility
It depends on what kind of solution is referred as 0.65 M. If the solution where the red blood cell is present is hypertonic, the red blood cell will shrink. If the solution is hypotonic, the red blood cell will expand. If the solution is isotonic, the red blood cell will not expand or shrink.
Evolution would least likely be a cause of natural selection.
Natural selection has to do with the survival of the fittest. Therefore, adaptation, variation, and overpopulation all have an impact on natural selection - those who do not adapt to their new surroundings due to overpopulation or those whose bodies have not modified enough will not survive.
