<span>Edward Jenner is known as, “the father of
Immunology.” He was an English physician and scientist that made a smallpox
vaccine from the cowpox virus. This is known to be the world’s first vaccine
and this discovery is said have saved more lives than the work of any other
human being. Because of his work, World Health Organization declared smallpox
an eradicated disease in the 1979. Up to the year 2002, Jenner was still being
recognizes in the field of contemporary immunology and was even included in the
list of 100 Greatest Britons. </span>
Answer:
Foods are ingested by the mouth where they are chewed by the teeth and savored by the taste buds present in the tongue. In the mouth, saliva breaks down food into substances that are easier to digest. Subsequently, the pharynx allows food to be swallowed and it pushes the food into the esophagus, the contractions of the esophageal muscle allow the movement of the food through the esophagus and to the stomach where the food is mixed with the juices and are mostly digested. In the stomach nutrients are absorbed. There are particles that are not absorb and they pass to the intestine where other nutrients are transported to the blood, then pass to the large interstinum where there is water absorption and stool formation that are expelled through the rectum.
The Scientific Method > Scientific Method Steps<span>Scientific Method StepsThe ‘scientific method’ merely refers to a broad framework for studying and learning more about the world around us in a scientific manner. It is not so much a series of absolute, unchangeable steps as a guideline to the method that must be used when trying to reach a scientifically acceptable theory about a subject matter. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a finite number of steps or an exact procedure for following the scientific method. However, the scientific method steps detailed below describe the main steps that scientists commonly take when conducting a scientific inquiry.Steps of the Scientific Method<span><span>Make an ObservationScientists are naturally curious about the world. While many people may pass by a curious phenomenon without sparing much thought for it, a scientific mind will take note of it as something worth further thought and investigation.</span><span>Form a QuestionAfter making an interesting observation, a scientific mind itches to find out more about it. This is in fact a natural phenomenon. If you have ever wondered why or how something occurs, you have been listening to the scientist in you. In the scientific method, a question converts general wonder and interest to a channelled line of thinking and inquiry.</span><span>Form a HypothesisA hypothesis is an informed guess as to the possible answer of the question. The hypothesis may be formed as soon as the question is posed, or it may require a great deal of background research and inquiry. The purpose of the hypothesis is not to arrive at the perfect answer to the question but to provide a direction to further scientific investigation.</span><span>Conduct an ExperimentOnce a hypothesis has been formed, it must be tested. This is done by conducting a carefully designed and controlled experiment. The experiment is one of the most important steps in the scientific method, as it is used to prove a hypothesis right or wrong, and to formulate scientific theories. In order to be accepted as scientific proof for a theory, an experiment must meet certain conditions – it must be controlled, i.e. it must test a single variable by keeping all other variables under control. The experiment must also be reproducible so that it can be tested for errors.</span><span>Analyse the Data and Draw a ConclusionAs the experiment is conducted, it is important to note down the results. In any experiment, it is necessary to conduct several trials to ensure that the results are constant. The experimenter then analyses all the data and uses it to draw a conclusion regarding the strength of the hypothesis. If the data proves the hypothesis correct, the original question is answered. On the other hand, if the data disproves the hypothesis, the scientific inquiry continues by doing research to form a new hypothesis and then conducting an experiment to test it. This process goes on until a hypothesis can be proven correct by a scientific experiment.</span></span></span>
Penumbra,<span> the Moon's faint outer shadow. Partial solar eclipses are visible from within the penumbral shadow.</span> And Umbra,<span> the Moon's dark inner shadow.<span> Total solar eclipses are visible from within the umbral shadow</span></span>