When it comes to population evolution and genetics, we cannot fail to cite the Hardy-Weinberg principle which emphasizes that if evolutionary factors such as natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic oscillation do not act on a particular population, the frequencies genotypic proportions will remain constant.
The five requirements for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
- Large-scale breeding population: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it is important that this population is large, as small populations favor genetic drift (unanticipated fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to another).
- Random mating: In order for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur, it is necessary that the mating occur at random, with no preference for certain groups within the population. In this case, we say that the population is in panmixia, that is, they all mate at random.
- No mutations: Mutations alter the total alleles present in a population (gene pool). Therefore, in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population, no mutations should occur.
- No gene flow: When there is gene flow due to migration or immigration of individuals, some genes may be included or excluded from the population. Thus, in an equilibrium situation, no gene flow occurs.
- Lack of natural selection: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, natural selection must not be acting on it. If natural selection acts, some genotypes will be selected, modifying the allelic frequencies of the population.
Calories from saturated fats and/or added sugars in foods that have little or no nutritional value, such as sausages and ice cream, are called Empty Calories.
Calories can be defined as the amount of energy extracted from the food which an individual eats throughout the day. According to dietary guidelines, a young person [20-25 years old] must intake between 1,600 and 3,000 calories per day.
Foods such as sausages, ice cream, pizza, and soft drinks have a high amount of empty calories because solid fats and added sugars are used in their manufacturing to add flavors and make the food more appealing but they have no nutritional value.
The amount of empty calories a person intakes should be decreased by avoiding such food items and drinks.
Learn more about Empty calories here
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Answer: d. Extracellular matrix was discovered more than 20 years ago.
Explanation:
According to biological sciences, the extracellular matrix is a matrix that consists of three dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules such as enzymes, collagen and glycoproteins which provide structural and biological support for surrounding cells as well.
It is found that it is discovered over 20 years ago in the matrix formed in the mouse EHS sarcoma. Therefore, correct answer is (d).
Answer:
Two-thirds of a cell is water, which means that two-thirds of your whole body is water. The rest is a mixture of molecules, mainly proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
