Answer:
Differential reproduction leads to a change in allele frequencies over time. This occurs because of natural selection favoring "successful" individuals that produce more viable offspring.
The sickle-cell allele is maintained in populations exposed to malaria through balancing selection, since heterozygous individuals have protection against the disease.
The alpine biome is one of the coldest biomes on the planet, it is generally because of the high altitudes. The summer temperature varies in between -12 to 10 degree Celsius, and the average precipitation in the biome is about 30 cm in a year.
The animals living in the region, adapt to the cold by migrating to warmer regions, hibernating, or insulating their bodies with the help of fat and fur layers. Their bodies seem to possess shorter tails, legs, and ears, in order to minimize the loss of heat.
One of the animals living in the alpine biome is the wild yak, the animal has adapted to the biome with the help of dense and wooly coats, specially amended feet, horns to dig for food, and if necessary does the migration in winter times to the warmer regions.
A.
I say this because there are other ways to make DNA in plant cells like adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine so B is out. Though, Mitochondria does break down waste so part of B is right but that would cancel out C. Without Chloroplasts, a plant cannot make food so D is out as well. Hope this helped!
Try asking this in Mathematics.
Yes accumulation of mutation can drive aging process.
Explanation:
The molecular damage that occurs in cells and tissues for a long time due to DNA damage and epigenetic changes gets accumulated in the cell.
This leads to lowering of the homeostasis in the cell during stress conditions and eventually risks of life-threatening diseases as cancers or neurodegenerative disorders develop.
Due to mutation in the gene DNA repair mechanism also gets affected this also contributes to the ageing of cells.
The telomere of the chromosome is shortened after every mitotic division but telomerase enzyme keeps adding the DNA sequence preventing shortening aging and death of the cell. If the mutation occurs in this enzyme it will increase the ageing of cells at high rate.
