The right answer is C) vector
In molecular biology and genetic engineering, vectors are DNA molecules that allow the propagation of sequences of interest. These are chimeric DNA molecules such as plasmids or artificial bacterial chromosomes, containing an origin of replication and one or more genetic markers. The origin of replication allows the maintenance of the vector in the target cell during generations.
Mitochondria and chloroplast have similar DNA, which is not evidence for the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
According to the endosymbiotic theory, a chloroplast and a mitochondria were the independent prokaryotes. Both can be ingested by a large prokaryote and resist digestion. As a result, they continued as endosymbionts and eventually lost some of their autonomic properties. They divide by binary fission, have their own genetic material, possess 70s ribosomes, and Both include their own transcriptional and translational machinery.
Therefore, considering endosymbiotic origin theory, Both Mitochondria and chloroplast have similar DNA is not a piece of evidence.
Learn more about endosymbiotic origins theory here
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If I had to guess it would be C metabolism
Respiration is one of them
The answer is diffusion.
The most important mechanism that enables oxygen and carbon dioxide (but as well other small molecules such as glucose, amino acids, wastes) across capillary walls is diffusion. Diffusion is a net movement of molecules through some barrier from an area of high concentration to the area of low concentration. When blood rich in oxygen reaches capillaries close to the cell, now there <span>is </span>more oxygen in the capillaries than in the cells and by diffusion, oxygen will pass capillary walls and enter the cell. Since blood in capillaries lacks in carbon dioxide, it will easily leave the cells and enter the blood. It should be taken into consideration that capillary walls may be fenestrated, continuous, and discontinuous which can affect movement through them.
