The substance is substrate
photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Small sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) glucose fructose, sucrose etc
Amino acids
The simplest answer is that these all have a backbone/notochord and all have internal skeletons of some type,