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melisa1 [442]
3 years ago
14

Explain how to determine if something is a vector space or not

Mathematics
1 answer:
nlexa [21]3 years ago
6 0
All you do is referring to the following definition:

Definition: A<span> vector space </span>is a set V on which two operations + and · are defined, called<span> vector addition </span>and<span> scalar multiplication.</span>

The operation + (vector addition) must satisfy the following conditions:

Closure: If u and v are any vectors in V, then the sum   u + v   belongs to V.

(1)<span> Commutative law: </span>For all vectors u and v in V,     u + v = v + u

(2)<span> Associative law: </span>For all vectors u, v, w in V,     u <span>+ (v</span> + w<span>) = (u</span> + v) + w

(3)<span> Additive identity: </span>The set V contains an<span> additive identity </span>element, denoted by 0, such that for any vector v in V,     0 + v = v   and   v + 0 = v.

(4)<span> Additive inverses: </span>For each vector v in V, the equations     v + x = 0   and   x + v = 0     have a solution x in V, called an<span> additive inverse </span>of v, and denoted by - v.

The operation · (scalar multiplication) is defined between real numbers (or scalars) and vectors, and must satisfy the following conditions:

Closure: If v in any vector in V, and c is any real number, then the product   c · v   belongs to V.

(5)<span> Distributive law: </span>For all real numbers c and all vectors u, v in V,     c · <span>(u</span> + v) = c · u + c · v

(6)<span> Distributive law</span>: For all real numbers c, d and all vectors v in V,     (c+d) · v = c · v + d · v

(7)<span> Associative law</span>: For all real numbers c,d and all vectors v in V,     c · (d · v) = (cd) · v

(8)<span> Unitary law</span>: For all vectors v in V,     1 · v = <span>v</span>

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Solve the following systems of equations by substitution method.
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Answer:

1) x = 3 and y = -2

2) x = 2 and y = 1

3) x = -2 and y = -1

4) x = 3 and y = 2

5) x = 2

6) x = 2 and y = -3

7) x = 4 and y = 3

8) x = -3 and y = -6

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Answer :

y = -2

4x - 3y = 18 ----(1)

Substitute y = -2 in (1).

4x - 3(-2) = 18

4x + 6 = 18

Subtract 6 from both sides.

4x = 12

Divide both sides by 4.

x = 3

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x = 3 and y = -2

2. Answer :

y = 6x - 11 ----(1)

2x + 3y = 7 ----(2)

Substitute y = 6x - 11 in (2).

2x + 3(6x - 11) = 7

2x + 18x - 33 = 7

20x - 33 = 7

Add 33 to both sides.

20x = 40

Divide both sides by 20.

x = 2

Substitute x = 2 in (1).

y = 6(2) - 11

= 12 - 11

= 1

So,

x = 2 and y = 1

3. Answer :

x = -3y - 5 ----(1)

4x - 5y = -3 ----(2)

Substitute x = -3y + 5 in (2).

4(-3y - 5) - 5y = -3

-12y - 20 - 5y = -3

-17y - 20 = -3

Add 20 to both sides.

17y = -17

Divide both sides by 17.

y = -1

Substitute y = -1 in (1).

x = -3(-1) - 5

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= -2

So,

x = -2 and y = -1

4. Answer :

x = 5y - 7 ----(1)

-2x - 3y = -12 ----(2)

Substitute x = 5y - 7 in (2).

-2(5y - 7) - 3y = -12

-10y + 14 - 3y = -12

-13y + 14 = -12

Subtract 14 from both sides.

-13y = -26

Divide both sides by -13.

y = 2

Substitute y = 2 in (1).

x = 5(2) - 7

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So,

x = 3 and y = 2

5. Answer :

5x + 3y - 8 = 0 ----(1)

2x - 3y - 6 = 0 ----(2)

Solve for 3y in (1).

5x + 3y - 8 = 0

Subtract 5x from both sides.

3y - 8 = -5x

Add 8 to both sides.

3y = -5x + 8

Substitute 3y = -5x + 8 in (2).

2x - (-5x + 8) - 6 = 0

2x + 5x - 8 - 6 = 0

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Add 14 to both sides.

7x = 14

Divide both sides by 7.

x = 2

6. Answer :

x - 3y - 11 = 0 ----(1)

5x + y - 7 = 0 ----(2)

Solve for x in (1).

x - 3y - 11 = 0

Subtract 3y and 11 to both sides.

x = 3y + 11 ----(3)

Substitute x = 3y + 11 in (2).

5(3y + 11) + y - 7 = 0

15y + 55 + y - 7 = 0

16y + 48 = 0

Subtract 48 from both sides.

16y = -48

Divide both sides by 16.

y = -3

Substitute y = -3 in (3).

x = 3(-3) + 11

= -9 + 11

= 2

So,

x = 2 and y = -3

7. Answer :

2x - 3y = -1 ----(1)

y = x - 1 ----(2)

Substitute y = x - 1 in (1).

2x - 3(x - 1) = -1

2x - 3x + 3 = -1

-x + 3 = -1

Subtract 3 from both sides.

-x = -4

Multiply both sides by -1.

x = 4

Substitute x = x in (3).

y = 4 - 1

= 3

So,

x = 4 and y = 3

8. Answer :

-4x + y = 6 ----(1)

-5x - y = 21 ----(2)

Solve for y in (1).

-4x + y = 6

Add 4x to both sides.

y = 4x + 6 ----(3)

Substitute y = 4x + 6 in (2).

-5x - (4x + 6) = 21

-5x - 4x - 6 = 21

-9x - 6 = 21

Add 6 to both sides.

-9x = 27

Divide both sides by -9.

x = -3

Substitute x = -3 in (3).

y = 4(-3) + 6

= -12 + 6

= -6

So,

x = -3 and y = -6

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Answered by: ms115

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