For the first question, the correct answer is C: natural disasters.
Environmental policies do not comprehend natural disasters because they don't necessarily happen due to human activities. Air and water pollution and overfishing are things that only happen because of human activities, and these are the things that these policies try to diminish.
The second question's answer is letter D: all of the above.
Poluttion brings negative effects on human health, because it helps developed a lot of diseases. Also, it is damaging to the environment causing a lot of problems such as global warming. And last, it reduces the usable natural resources, like water, which is vital to the humanity.