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3 years ago

Discuss decision making under conditions of uncertainty, specifically using expected monetary value

Business

1 answer:

IceJOKER [234]3 years ago

5 0

Answer with Explanation:

The decision making under the conditions of uncertainty:

Uncertainty is an unquantifiable outcome of a decision that can not be mathematically modeled whereas risk is a quantifiable outcome of a decision that can be mathematically modeled.

The expected value method helps in decision making related to uncertainty are making prudent estimates of cash flow by using expected value.

Expected value considers every outcome under uncertainty and computes all of the expected value for each outcome. The outcome that gives highest expected value is said to be best case and likewise the outcome that gives lowest expected value is said to be worst case.

Suppose that two projects gives the same expected value, then the decision will be based on the degree of uncertainty which means the project that has lowest uncertainty of returns will be our choice.

The deviation of the expected value from required return on a project can be measured as a Degree of uncertainty that helps in understanding to what extent the return will be not as per the expectation. The Precise Measurement of uncertainty can be calculated by inclusion of standard deviation to estimate expected value of the decision taken.

The expected money value is the monetary value that a particular decision will generate. In expected monetary value the decision is based on the weighted average of best case and worst case. The value derived is average thus the standard deviation would be very low which means that the calculation was precise. Decision trees are used in precise measurement of cash flow related to each expected outcome and deriving a weighted average value.

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Jeremy and Alyssa Johnson have been married for five years and do not have any children. Jeremy was married previously and has o

patriot [66]

Solution:

Gross income : 262000

a) Ordinary and necessary business expenses

amount explanation

108850 Ordinary expenses associated with Jeremyâs

business (42250+47700+18900)

b) Unreimbursed employment expenses

amount explanation

- Un reimbursed employee business expenses

are deductible from AGI not for AGI

c) Real property taxes and investment expenses.

amount explanation

- Taxes and investment expenses

are deductible from AGI not for AGI

d) Rental expenses

amount explanation

8590 Rental expenses are deductible for

AGI even though they aretechnically investment or

production of income expenses.

e) Self-employed health insurance

amount explanation

4590 Jeremy may deduct all the costs of his

health insurance because he is not eligible

for health plan

f) Self- employment taxes

amount explanation

1295 Â½ of self-employment taxes allowed

as for AGI deduction

g) Alimony

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5180 Alimony is allowed for AGI deductions

h) Donations

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- Charitable contributions are from

not for AGI deductions

Total for AGI deductions Amount

128505

AGI 135495

8 0

3 years ago

Rob's wife, Marie, has a wage income of $250,000. They jointly sold stocks in 2019 and generated a long-term capital gain of $13

Kaylis [27]

Answer:

Explanation:

According to IR Many individuals, including owners of businesses operated through sole proprietorships, partnerships, S corporations, trusts and estates may be eligible for a qualified business income deduction, also called the section 199A deduction. Some trusts and estates may also claim the deduction directly.

The deduction allows them to deduct up to 20 percent of their qualified business income (QBI), plus 20 percent of qualified real estate investment trust (REIT) dividends and qualified publicly traded partnership (PTP) income. Income earned by a C corporation or by providing services as an employee isn't eligible for the deduction.

1. QBI component. This component of the deduction equals 20 percent of QBI from a domestic business operated as a sole proprietorship or through a partnership, S corporation, trust or estate. Depending on the taxpayer's taxable income, the QBI Component is subject to limitations including:

a. The type of trade or business,

b. The amount of W-2 wages paid by the qualified trade or business, and

c. The unadjusted basis immediately after acquisition (UBIA) of qualified property held by the trade or business.

These limitations do not apply to taxpayers with taxable income at or below a certain threshold. For 2018, the threshold amount is $315,000 for a married couple filing a joint return, and $157,500 for all other taxpayers.

STEPS ARE:

1. Original QBID = 154K*20% = 30,800

2. Wage/Cap. Investment limitation: a) wage limitation = 58K*50%= 29,000

b) wage/capital limit. = wage(58K*25%) +capital(300K*2.5%) =14,500+7,500=22K

We take the larger of them => 29K

3) Since original QBID is greater than wage limitation, we must use reduction ratio. In this case:

408K (taxable income) - 315K(threshold)/100,000 = 0.93

4) Now we subtract the wage limitation from original QBID (30,800 - 29,000) * 0.93= 1,674.

5) Finally, subtract that from original QBID 30,800-1,674=29,126.

29,126 their final QBID

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Answer:

Carryover basis

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Explanation:

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Answer:

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It means that the businesses have the responsibility to act for the benefit of the society and the environment along with profit maximization.

It is also termed as sustainable business, corporate citizenship etc.

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