The answer is A) gradualism.
1. Written down/ wouldn't be
Hope this helps :)
A discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents
It's not!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"Impact" is an effect.
So "impact" of the death means: the effect that death has on something.
For example, you could say:
The Impact of the death of the Emperor was the loss of respect for the country from the neighboring countries.
or you could say:
The impact of the death of her mother on her was devastating.