During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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The first step begins with: A. the mouth.
Answer:
0.45 from mom and 0.05 from dad.
Explanation:
The recombinant progeny might occur due to the crossing over at the time of meiosis in which the exchange of chromosomes occur in the homologous chromosomes of non sister chromatids.
The progeny receives half of their chromosome from the mother and half from the father. The mother 50% AZ and 50% az chromosomes respectively. The 10% recombination has occured due to which the mother chromosomes is reduce upto 45%. The recombinant 10% will be aZ and Az and has 5% frequency. Mom has the ability of az chromosomes is 0.45 %. The father has the genotype 50% Az and 50% aZ. The 10% recombination has occured due to which the father chromosomes is reduce upto 45%. The recombinant will be az and AZ with 5% frequency. So, father has az with 0.05 % probability.
Thus, the answer is 0.45 from mom and 0.05 from dad.
Lack of antibodies because thats the stuff to fight things away
