Even if they were unaware of the fraud, accountants may be held accountable for it.
<h3>How does constructive fraud work?</h3>
A legal fable known as "constructive fraud" describes a circumstance in which a person or organization obtained an unfair advantage over another using dishonest or unjust means. As opposed to true fraud, no proof of intent is required. The failure to inform clients of product flaws is one example of unfair practices.
The elements are:
1) a duty owed by the party to be charged to the complaining party due to their relationship;
2) violation of that duty by making deceptive material misrepresentations of past or current facts or remaining silent when a duty to speak exists; and
3) reliance on such statements by the complaining party.
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Answer with explanation:
Part 1. Straight-line depreciation can be calculated using the following formula:
Straight-line depreciation = (Cost of Asset - Residual Value) / Useful Life
Now by putting the values of each parameter, we have:
Straight-line depreciation = ($135,000 - Zero) / 5years = $27,000
So this depreciation will be charged to the asset to remainder of its life.
Part 2. We can calculate depreciation using double declining balance method whose formula is as under:
Double Declining Balance Depreciation = 2 X Cost of the asset/Useful Life
By putting values, we have:
Double Declining Balance Depreciation = 2 * $135,000 / 5 Years = $54,000
The depreciation would be charged each year unless it fells below the salvage value of the asset, which in this question is given and is zero.
Part 3.
Following are the main questions that we must consider before opting to any depreciation method:
- Does the cost of the asset chosen is accurate and in-accordance to International Financial Reporting Standards.
- Does the estimated Residual value of the asset is forecasted accurately. International accounting standard IAS 16 says that the scrap value must be discounted and its present value must be considered as a scrap value.
- Is the useful life of the asset estimated is in-accordance to the pace of technological advances?
- The asset's fair value must be considered each year to analyze whether or not the asset value in the market is aligned with our carrying value calculated or not.
So these were the factors which decides which method of depreciation must be opted or what estimate changes are required in calculating the fair value of the asset.
I have a tough dilemma between A,B,E but my feeling from knowledge is leaning towards E
Answer:
$1.90 per share
Explanation:
The computation of the diluted earning per share is shown below:
Diluted earning per share = Net income ÷ Weighted number of outstanding shares
where,
Net income is $680,000
And, the Weighted number of outstanding shares is
= 240,000 + 24,000 × 5
= 240,000 + 120,000
= 360,000 shares
So, the diluted EPS is
= $680,000 ÷ 360,000 shares
= $1.90 per share
We simply applied the above formula
Answer: Decrease by $11,200 per year.
Explanation:
First let's calculate the income if the product is not dropped.
Calculting income would be,
= Sales - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs
= 224,000 - 156,800 - 100,800
= -$33,600
Income(loss) would be a ($33,600) if the product is kept.
If the product is discontinued, it is given that $44,800 in fixed costs will still continue.
These fixed costs cannot be covered in part by the Sales because the product will be discontinued. So that means the net operating Income would simply be a $44,800 loss.
The difference between these 2 options is therefore,
= 44,800 - 33,600
= $11,200
This means that if Product A is stopped, the net operating income will decrease by a further $11,200 because there is no revenue to cover the fixed assets in part. The last option is correct.
